idw – Informationsdienst Wissenschaft

Nachrichten, Termine, Experten

Grafik: idw-Logo
Science Video Project
idw-Abo

idw-News App:

AppStore

Google Play Store



Instance:
Share on: 
06/05/2018 15:05

Münster researchers have discovered a possible new treatment for regulating inflammation

Sibylle Schikora Presse- und Informationsstelle
Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster

    Researchers at the Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence have decoded a mechanism found at the beginning of almost every inflammatory response. Their study provides a new approach to develop novel treatment options for many inflammatory disorders with many fewer side effects compared to current drugs.

    In the body, the immune system often begins its response to various attackers in the same way: the body activates immune cells, so-called phagocytes, which migrate to sites of inflammation caused by, for example, foreign pathogens or damaged tissue. There, the phagocytes release certain proteins, including the S100A8/S100A9 heterodimeric protein complex, which triggers or amplifies the inflammatory reaction at the site of the disease. However, if too many of these complexes are released, they can exacerbate the disease; for example, this happens in the case of autoimmune, rheumatic or dermatological diseases. Researchers at the Cells-in-Motion (CiM) Cluster of Excellence at the University of Münster have now decoded how the activity of these proteins is precisely regulated. The leading scientists of the study, the immunologists Prof. Thomas Vogl and Prof. Johannes Roth, now want to use these novel fundamental insights to develop new treatment options to combat autoimmune diseases, arthritis, allergies or inflammatory diseases of the bowel, lung or cardiovascular system. The study was published in the "Journal of Clinical Investigation".

    The detailed story

    Many scientific publications have already described the tasks of the two proteins S100A8 and S100A9. But so far, it has not been clear to researchers whether these two proteins acted alone or in conjunction with each other. The Münster researchers have now been able to show that the proteins always work as a heterodimeric protein complex composed of both S100A8 and S100A9; in other words, a complex where both proteins are firmly associated. As soon as it is released, the heterodimer complex binds to a TLR4-expressing cell, triggering a suitable immune response via this receptor. Importantly, the S100A8/S100A9 heterodimer complex only has a short life time to spark this initial impulse: If it does not find a suitable target cell for activation, two individual heterodimers associate to form a heterotetramer; in this form, each heterodimer complex is inactive. This mechanism guarantees that the body will only trigger an immune reaction where needed – in other words, the inflammatory reaction remains localized.

    The researchers also showed that as soon as this regulation is disturbed so not all of the excess S100A8/S100A9 heterodimer complexes can form tetramers, the result is an exacerbation of disease: "Too many heterodimers remain active, trigger a strong immune response and act systemically in the entire body", explains Prof. Thomas Vogl, the lead author of the study. This is a process that is, for example, behind blood poisoning – but it is also relevant for many autoimmune diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, allergies, inflammatory skin diseases and even cardiovascular diseases.

    Developing new treatment options with ideally no side effects

    These findings by the Münster immunologists may lead to new approaches for treating many inflammatory diseases. Currently, new drugs are already being used to totally block the TLR4 receptor signaling pathway to inhibit misguided immune responses. However, one problem is that sometimes the body has to combat bacteria at the same time. As the immune system is blocked, the TLR4 receptor can no longer fulfill this important function anymore. "This is why we’re searching for antibodies which specifically only block the S100-TLR4 axis, while the receptor is untouched, respectively free on the bacterial side", says Thomas Vogl. "These antibodies should specifically block only the active heterodimers and, in the following, weaken the immune reaction only locally, at the site of inflammation. The TLR4 receptor, which is important for immune defense, remains untouched and can trigger the suitable immune response in the case of any bacterial danger." Drugs developed according to this new approach to treat, for example, autoinflammatory disorders would therefore have far fewer side effects for patients than currently existing pharmaceuticals.

    The next step for the researchers is to work together with companies to find suitable antibodies and develop pharmaceuticals for treating diseases accompanied by overwhelming immune reactions. The first patents have already been applied for. It will take years, however, before drugs are available to deactivate excess S100A8/S100A9 in the human body and thus prevent unwanted immune reactions.

    The study is the result of interdisciplinary collaborations between five different CiM laboratories. "Without the expertise and the help of all other involved researchers, we would not have been able to elucidate these interesting results", says Thomas Vogl. The Münster molecular biologists Dr. Athanasios Stratis and Dr. Viktor Wixler, for example, investigated genetically modified mice necessary for the study. The nuclear physicians Prof. Michael Schäfers and Dr. Sven Hermann contributed their expertise in imaging, enabling researchers to visualize the distribution of the S100 proteins in mice.

    Funding

    The study was funded by the Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence and the Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research of the University of Münster. Financial support also came from the German Research Foundation through the Collaborative Research Centre 1009 "Breaking Barriers" at Münster University and through the "ImmunoSensation" Cluster of Excellence in Bonn. The German Federal Ministry of Education and Research also provided financial support.

    Original publication (DOI: 10.1172/JCI89867)

    Vogl T, Stratis A, Wixler V, Voller T, Thurainayagam S, Jorch SK, Zenker S, Dreiling A, Chakraborty D, Frohling M, Paruzel P, Wehmeyer C, Hermann S, Papantonopoulou O, Geyer C, Loser K, Schafers M, Ludwig S, Stoll M, Leanderson T, Schultze JL, Konig S, Pap T, Roth J. Autoinhibitory regulation of S100A8/S100A9 alarmin activity locally restricts sterile inflammation. J Clin Invest 2018;128: 1852-1866.


    More information:

    https://www.jci.org/articles/view/89867 - Original publication
    https://www.uni-muenster.de/Cells-in-Motion/de/people/all/roth.php - Prof. Johannes Roth


    Images

    Binding model: The S100A8/S100A9 protein complex (grey/beige) binds to the TLR4 receptor (rainbow-coloured) and MD2 (red) and triggers immune reactions in cells.
    Binding model: The S100A8/S100A9 protein complex (grey/beige) binds to the TLR4 receptor (rainbow-co ...
    Vogl et al./ J. Clin. Invest.
    None


    Criteria of this press release:
    Journalists, Scientists and scholars, Students
    Biology, Chemistry, Medicine
    transregional, national
    Research results, Scientific Publications
    English


     

    Binding model: The S100A8/S100A9 protein complex (grey/beige) binds to the TLR4 receptor (rainbow-coloured) and MD2 (red) and triggers immune reactions in cells.


    For download

    x

    Help

    Search / advanced search of the idw archives
    Combination of search terms

    You can combine search terms with and, or and/or not, e.g. Philo not logy.

    Brackets

    You can use brackets to separate combinations from each other, e.g. (Philo not logy) or (Psycho and logy).

    Phrases

    Coherent groups of words will be located as complete phrases if you put them into quotation marks, e.g. “Federal Republic of Germany”.

    Selection criteria

    You can also use the advanced search without entering search terms. It will then follow the criteria you have selected (e.g. country or subject area).

    If you have not selected any criteria in a given category, the entire category will be searched (e.g. all subject areas or all countries).