(A) Die Herausforderung bei der Messung der Richtungsabhängigkeit von Reibungskräften: Eine oszillierende Messspitze bestimmt die Querkräfte zwischen einer atomar scharfen Spitze und einer Siliziumoberfläche. Die Oberflächenatome verbinden sich zu Zweiergruppen, welche sich ähnlich wie Schaukelpferdchen leichter in Längs- als in Querrichtung auslenken lassen. Die „atomaren Schaukelpferdchen“ drehen sich um 90 Grad, wenn man eine atomare Stufe überwindet. Dies erlaubt die präzise Messung der Querkräfte, wobei die Messspitze immer in die gleiche Richtung schwingt.
Abbildung: Universität Regensburg
(1998 KB, 420 x 331 pixels)
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