idw – Informationsdienst Wissenschaft
Nachrichten, Termine, Experten
Nachrichten, Termine, Experten
A single "super photon" made up of many thousands of individual light particles: About ten years ago, researchers at the University of Bonn produced such an extreme aggregate state for the first time. Prof. Dr. Martin Weitz and Prof. Dr. Johann Kroha report of a new, previously unknown phase transition in the optical Bose-Einstein condensate. This is a so-called overdamped phase. The results may in the long term be relevant for encrypted quantum communication. The study has been published in the journal Science. STRICTLY EMBARGOED: Do not publish until 20:00 CEST Thursday, 1 April!
The Bose-Einstein condensate is an extreme physical state that usually only occurs at very low temperatures. What’s special: The particles in this system are no longer distinguishable and are predominantly in the same quantum mechanical state, in other words they behave like a single giant "superparticle". The state can therefore be described by a single wave function.
In 2010, researchers led by Martin Weitz succeeded for the first time in creating a Bose-Einstein condensate from light particles (photons). Their special system is still in use today: Physicists trap light particles in a resonator made of two curved mirrors spaced just over a micrometer apart that reflect a rapidly reciprocating beam of light. The space is filled with a liquid dye solution, which serves to cool down the photons. This is done by the dye molecules "swallowing" the photons and then spitting them out again, which brings the light particles to the temperature of the dye solution - equivalent to room temperature. Background: The system makes it possible to cool light particles in the first place, because their natural characteristic is to dissolve when cooled.
Clear separation of two phases
Phase transition is what physicists call the transition between water and ice during freezing. But how does the particular phase transition occur within the system of trapped light particles? The scientists explain it this way: The somewhat translucent mirrors cause photons to be lost and replaced, creating a non-equilibrium that results in the system not assuming a definite temperature and being set into oscillation. This creates a transition between this oscillating phase and a damped phase. Damped means that the amplitude of the vibration decreases.
"The overdamped phase we observed corresponds to a new state of the light field, so to speak," says lead author Fahri Emre Öztürk, a doctoral student at the Institute for Applied Physics at the University of Bonn. The special characteristic is that the effect of the laser is usually not separated from that of Bose-Einstein condensate by a phase transition, and there is no sharply defined boundary between the two states. This means that physicists can continually move back and forth between effects.
"However, in our experiment, the overdamped state of the optical Bose-Einstein condensate is separated by a phase transition from both the oscillating state and a standard laser," says study leader Prof. Dr. Martin Weitz. "This shows that there is a Bose-Einstein condensate, which is really a different state than the standard laser. "In other words, we are dealing with two separate phases of the optical Bose-Einstein condensate," he emphasizes.
The researchers plan to use their findings as a basis for further studies to search for new states of the light field in multiple coupled light condensates, which can also occur in the system. "If suitable quantum mechanically entangled states occur in coupled light condensates, this may be interesting for transmitting quantum-encrypted messages between multiple participants," says Fahri Emre Öztürk.
Funding:
The study received funding from the Collaborative Research Center TR 185 "OSCAR - Control of Atomic and Photonic Quantum Matter by Tailored Coupling to Reservoirs" of the Universities of Kaiserslautern and Bonn and the Cluster of Excellence ML4Q of the Universities of Cologne, Aachen, Bonn and the Research Center Jülich, funded by the German Research Foundation. The Cluster of Excellence is embedded in the Transdisciplinary Research Area (TRA) "Building Blocks of Matter and Fundamental Interactions" of the University of Bonn. In addition, the study was funded by the European Union within the project "PhoQuS - Photons for Quantum Simulation" and the German Aerospace Center with funding from the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy.
Prof. Dr. Martin Weitz
Institut für Angewandte Physik
Universität Bonn
Tel.: +49-(0)228-73-4837
E-mail: weitz@uni-bonn.de
Dr. Julian Schmitt
Institut für Angewandte Physik
Universität Bonn
Tel.: +49-(0)228-73-60122
E-mail: schmitt@iap.uni-bonn.de
Prof. Dr. Johann Kroha
Physikalisches Insitut
Universität Bonn
Tel.: +49-(0)228-73-2798
E-mail: kroha@physik.uni-bonn.de
Fahri Emre Öztürk, Tim Lappe, Göran Hellmann, Julian Schmitt, Jan Klaers, Frank Vewinger, Johann Kroha & Martin Weitz: Observation of a Non-Hermitian Phase Transition in an Optical Quantum Gas. Science, DOI: 10.1126/science.abe9869
http://Video: be/PHSNJIu2IVo
The research team (from left): Prof. Dr. Martin Weitz, Dr. Julian Schmitt, Dr. Frank Vewinger, Prof. ...
© Gregor Hübl/Uni Bonn
The optical microresonator filled with dye solution (yellow). On the right is a microscope objective ...
© Gregor Hübl/Uni Bonn
Criteria of this press release:
Journalists, all interested persons
Physics / astronomy
transregional, national
Research results, Scientific Publications
English
You can combine search terms with and, or and/or not, e.g. Philo not logy.
You can use brackets to separate combinations from each other, e.g. (Philo not logy) or (Psycho and logy).
Coherent groups of words will be located as complete phrases if you put them into quotation marks, e.g. “Federal Republic of Germany”.
You can also use the advanced search without entering search terms. It will then follow the criteria you have selected (e.g. country or subject area).
If you have not selected any criteria in a given category, the entire category will be searched (e.g. all subject areas or all countries).
