idw – Informationsdienst Wissenschaft

Nachrichten, Termine, Experten

Grafik: idw-Logo
Science Video Project
idw-Abo

idw-News App:

AppStore

Google Play Store



Instance:
Share on: 
11/06/2023 17:00

Keeping an eye on the regions when it comes to climate change

Folke Mehrtens Kommunikation und Medien
Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung

    Up to now, the results of climate simulations have sometimes contradicted the analysis of climate traces from the past. A team led by the physicist Thomas Laepple from the Alfred Wegener Institute in Potsdam and the climatologist Kira Rehfeld from the University of Tübingen has therefore brought together experts in climate models and climate tracks to clarify how the discrepancies come about. The surprising result has now been published in the journal Nature Geoscience: in a way, both sides are right. Climate models correctly simulate global temperature trends, but often underestimate the strength of regional climate fluctuations, especially over the course of decades to centuries.

    In order to understand the causes and consequences of climate fluctuations, researchers examine climate archives, such as trees, lakes and marine sediments or even ice. Over the course of centuries and millennia, the climate has continuously varied, leaving behind traces. Understanding natural climate changes enables better assessments of what lies ahead with man-made climate change. Anticipating how humankind can prepare for the consequences of increasing global warming is of paramount importance. “We will feel the effects of climate change primarily regionally,” says physicist Prof. Dr. Thomas Laepple of the Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI) in Potsdam. “In some regions, droughts will become more frequent, potentially leading to crop failures over extended periods. Elsewhere, we will witness more powerful hurricanes.”

    The problem is that global climate models are often unable to represent regional variations in detail when projecting several centuries into the future. While they are good at accurately simulating the global warming trend, they still lack the ability to accurately simulate local conditions. This makes it difficult to plan and implement concrete measures to adapt to the climate - for example, in agriculture to switch at the right time to crops that can tolerate higher temperatures. Thomas Laepple and his colleagues already pointed out the problem of local predictive power about ten years ago: In an analysis of the climate evolution over the last 7000 years, they had then uncovered a striking discrepancy between global climate simulations on the one hand and local analysis of climate traces from centuries- or even millennia-old marine sediments, tree rings, pollen or corals. These indicators shed light on past temperatures in specific regions of the Earth. On a regional scale, climate simulations and sediment sample analyses differed in their temperature estimations, sometimes by a factor of 50, leading to controversial discussions among experts.

    “At the time, we were faced with a conundrum,” recalls Thomas Laepple. “We couldn't say with certainty whether the climate models were incorrect in the selected examples or whether the temperature data derived from the sediment samples were based on faulty assumptions.” Subsequently, Thomas Laepple and climatologist Kira Rehfeld from the University of Tübingen successfully drew attention to this problem. Among other initiatives, workshops brought together experts in climate models and those who evaluate climate traces. Laepple and Rehfeld also collaborated with colleagues to establish the international working group CVAS (Climate Variability Across Scales), which delved into the discrepancy between regional and global scales in greater detail. Now, in collaboration with Kira Rehfeld and other colleagues, a review article has been published in the journal Nature Geoscience, highlighting these discrepancies. Co-authors also include students and workshop participants who contributed to the study through literature research and scientific illustrations. The most significant finding: in a sense, both sides are correct - the climate modeling experts and those who evaluate the climate traces. “We found that climate models are skillful at tracing past global temperature trends,” says Thomas Laepple. “However, the longer the time period you examine, the more regional deviations are averaged out. Trends in regional temperature values become overly smoothed.” One reason might be that global climate models do not account for various regional buffering phenomena - such as regional ocean currents that stabilize the climate in coastal regions for many years or even decades, even as the global average temperature changes.

    “We are increasingly observing regional climate changes around the world - temperatures, for instance,” he notes. “There is a wide range. Some regions may experience a cooling for a few years, while others may see temperatures significantly higher than the global average, and abrupt shifts are also possible. It is crucial to bear this in mind when conducting risk assessments for climate adaptation.” He emphasizes the importance of understanding that several years of cooling in one region does not negate the reality of climate change. “The global trend of warming is unmistakable over decades - even if the climate in individual regions may deviate for a period.”


    Contact for scientific information:

    Prof Dr Thomas Laepple, Tel: +49 331 58174-5602, E-Mail: Thomas.Laepple@awi.de
    Prof Dr Kira Rehfeld, Tel: +49 7071 2974791, E-Mail: Kira.Rehfeld@uni-tuebingen.de


    Original publication:

    T. Laepple, E. Ziegler, N. Weitzel, R. Hébert, B. Ellerhoff, P. Schoch. B. Martrat, O. Bothe, E. Moreno-Chamarro, M. Chevalier, A. Herbert, K. Rehfeld: Regional but not global temperature variability underestimated by climate models at supra-decadal timescales; Nature Geoscience (2023). DOI: 10.1038/s41561-023-01299-9


    Images

    Cave minerals (speleothems) in a cave in Brazil are one of the climate archives that can be used to reconstruct past climates.
    Cave minerals (speleothems) in a cave in Brazil are one of the climate archives that can be used to ...
    Kira Rehfeld
    Alfred-Wegener-Institut / Kira Rehfeld


    Criteria of this press release:
    Journalists
    Oceanology / climate
    transregional, national
    Research results, Scientific Publications
    English


     

    Cave minerals (speleothems) in a cave in Brazil are one of the climate archives that can be used to reconstruct past climates.


    For download

    x

    Help

    Search / advanced search of the idw archives
    Combination of search terms

    You can combine search terms with and, or and/or not, e.g. Philo not logy.

    Brackets

    You can use brackets to separate combinations from each other, e.g. (Philo not logy) or (Psycho and logy).

    Phrases

    Coherent groups of words will be located as complete phrases if you put them into quotation marks, e.g. “Federal Republic of Germany”.

    Selection criteria

    You can also use the advanced search without entering search terms. It will then follow the criteria you have selected (e.g. country or subject area).

    If you have not selected any criteria in a given category, the entire category will be searched (e.g. all subject areas or all countries).