idw – Informationsdienst Wissenschaft

Nachrichten, Termine, Experten

Grafik: idw-Logo
Science Video Project
idw-Abo

idw-News App:

AppStore

Google Play Store



Instance:
Share on: 
02/08/2024 10:56

Austria’s Oldest Colour

Nikolett Kertész-Schenk Presse & Öffentlichkeitsarbeit
Naturhistorisches Museum Wien

    Pigments in fossil snail shells from Austria dating back 12 million years are the oldest known preserved dyes from the polyene group, as scientists from the Natural History Museum Vienna and the University of Göttingen have now demonstrated.

    Many of today’s snails show striking patterns of dots, spots and stripes. The most common colours in the snail shells are yellow, orange, pink, red and black. These colours are produced when snails store dyes, so-called pigments, in their shells, which are produced by special cells and deposited in varying concentrations. The chemical compositions of the pigments vary widely. The most important chemical compounds include melanins and carotenoids. Melanins are responsible for the dark colours in our hair and skin, and carotenoids also give bird feathers and egg yolks their typical red and yellow hues.

    Snail shells are made of aragonite, a form of lime that remains more or less unchanged over millions of years. In contrast, pigments are very sensitive and are quickly broken down into their organic components. As a result, fossilised shells are usually light in colour and plain, and remnants of colour patterns on fossils are very rare. Sites where such fossils have been found are located along the border between Austria and Hungary in gravel pits south of St. Margarethen in Burgenland and near Nexing in Lower Austria.
    Here palaeontologists from the Natural History Museum Vienna discovered shells of needle snails that lived 12 million years ago on the shores of what was then a tropical sea. “However, it was unclear whether the patterns were indicative of their original reddish colouration or were created by later processes in the sediment,” says Mathias Harzhauser, Director of the NHM Vienna’s Geological-Palaeontological Department.
    To solve this puzzle, the shells were sent to the Geoscience Centre at the University of Göttingen, where Klaus Wolkenstein has spent years researching the chemistry of fossil pigments. Raman spectroscopy was used to successful identify the origin of the colours, which involved irradiating the sample with laser light and examining the emitted spectra. Each spectrum produces a fingerprint of the examined material, enabling the researchers to make a clear identification.

    “To our surprise, it turned out that the pigments have actually been preserved nearly unchanged for 12 million years. This is the oldest evidence of these kinds of fossil pigments worldwide,” says geochemist and study leader Wolkenstein. In terms of their chemical composition, the detected pigments belong to the polyene group, which are organic compounds that also include carotenoids.


    Contact for scientific information:

    Mathias Harzhauser
    Director of the Department of Geology and Palaeontology, NHM Vienna
    https://www.nhm-wien.ac.at/mathias_harzhauser
    Tel.: + 43 (1) 521 77 DW 250
    mathias.harzhauser@nhm-wien.ac.at

    Klaus Wolkenstein
    Department of Geobiology, Geoscience Centre, University of Göttingen,
    https://www.uni-goettingen.de/en/653377.html
    Phone: +49 (0) 551 39 7962
    klaus.wolkenstein@uni-goettingen.de


    Original publication:

    The results were published under “Rapid Communication” in Palaeontology.
    Wolkenstein, K., Schmidt, B.C., Harzhauser, M. (2024) Detection of intact polyene pigments in Miocene gastropod shells. Palaeontology, e12691.
    https://doi.org/10.1111/pala.12691


    More information:

    https://www.nhm-wien.ac.at/en/press_releases2024/oldestcolour


    Images

    Fossil snail shells from Austria with 12 million years old red pigments
    Fossil snail shells from Austria with 12 million years old red pigments
    © Alice Schumacher, NHM Wien
    © Alice Schumacher, NHM Wien


    Criteria of this press release:
    Journalists, Scientists and scholars, Students, all interested persons
    Biology, Geosciences, History / archaeology
    transregional, national
    Research results, Scientific Publications
    English


     

    Fossil snail shells from Austria with 12 million years old red pigments


    For download

    x

    Help

    Search / advanced search of the idw archives
    Combination of search terms

    You can combine search terms with and, or and/or not, e.g. Philo not logy.

    Brackets

    You can use brackets to separate combinations from each other, e.g. (Philo not logy) or (Psycho and logy).

    Phrases

    Coherent groups of words will be located as complete phrases if you put them into quotation marks, e.g. “Federal Republic of Germany”.

    Selection criteria

    You can also use the advanced search without entering search terms. It will then follow the criteria you have selected (e.g. country or subject area).

    If you have not selected any criteria in a given category, the entire category will be searched (e.g. all subject areas or all countries).