idw – Informationsdienst Wissenschaft

Nachrichten, Termine, Experten

Grafik: idw-Logo
Science Video Project
idw-Abo

idw-News App:

AppStore

Google Play Store



Instance:
Share on: 
06/18/2024 10:05

Enzymes Instead of Cyanide: Researchers Develop Biocatalytic Process for Nitrile Production

Falko Schoklitsch Kommunikation und Marketing
Technische Universität Graz

    A research team from TU Graz and the Czech Academy of Sciences has used two enzymes to eliminate the need for highly toxic cyanide in the production of nitriles.

    If the household cleaner emits a lemon-like odour, this may be due to a nitrile called citronellyl nitrile. These versatile chemical nitrile groups are also used in the manufacture of active pharmaceutical ingredients, superglue and chemical-resistant gloves. The prevalent production process used so far has required a chemical reaction of certain molecules with highly toxic cyanide. Margit Winkler from the Institute of Molecular Biotechnology at TU Graz, together with Ludmila Martínková from the Institute of Microbiology at the Czech Academy of Sciences, has now developed a biocatalytic process that does not require cyanide, works at room temperature and therefore requires less energy and produces less harmful waste. The project was funded by the Austrian Science Fund FWF and the Czech Science Foundation (GACR).

    Two enzyme-guided steps

    To replace the cyanide, the research group uses enzymes and combines three individual reactions into a cascade. The starting materials are carboxylic acids, such as fatty acids from plant oils or lignin, which is a by-product of wood processing. In the first step, the carboxylic acid is converted to an aldehyde by adding sugar, oxygen and the enzyme carboxylate reductase contained in living bacterial cells. However, this aldehyde is highly reactive and therefore unstable, and in many cases also volatile. To capture this substance, the aldehyde is allowed to react with hydroxylamine, which converts it into oxime, which is stable.

    Oxime is a ‘watered’ form of nitrile, which is why the enzyme aldoxime dehydratase is used in the final step. This enzyme is also confined in bacterial cells and is responsible for water abstraction from the oxime. Once this has been done, the cascade has achieved its objective and the desired nitrile has been produced.

    This method can now be used for the preparation of small nitrile quantities. This is already a promising technology for very potent fragrances, for example, of which only a small amount is needed to achieve an effect. Optimisation work is still required for the production of larger quantities of nitrile in order to be able to use the biocatalytic process at reasonable costs. Currently, highly diluted solutions are used in the first process step and a large reactor would be required to produce large quantities, which is not economic yet. Margit Winkler is therefore already conducting research on how to make the first step more efficient. Dehydration of the oxime alone, on the other hand, is extremely efficient and already reached technical maturity for production today.

    A bio-based process

    “I’ve been interested in cyanide chemistry ever since I wrote my master thesis, and as we know from Agatha Christie’s novels, cyanide is highly toxic,” says Margit Winkler. “It was therefore important for us to find a way to avoid this hazardous substance in production. The fatty acids we use come from vegetable oils. So, we really do have a bio-based production method here. We would now like to improve it even further so that it can be used widely.”

    This research area is anchored in the Field of Expertise “Human & Biotechnology“, one of the five strategic research areas of TU Graz.


    Contact for scientific information:

    Margit WINKLER
    Priv.-Doz. Dipl.-Ing. Dr.techn.
    TU Graz | Institute of Molecular Biotechnology
    Phone: +43 316 873 9333
    margit.winkler@tugraz.at


    Images

    A cyanide free chemoenzymatic cascade for nitrile synthesis.
    A cyanide free chemoenzymatic cascade for nitrile synthesis.
    IMBT
    IMBT - TU Graz

    Margit Winkler from the Institute of Molecular Biotechnology at TU Graz.
    Margit Winkler from the Institute of Molecular Biotechnology at TU Graz.
    Tanja Schärfl
    Tanja Schärfl - Austrian Center of Industrial Biotechnology (acib)


    Criteria of this press release:
    Business and commerce, Journalists, Scientists and scholars
    Biology, Chemistry
    transregional, national
    Research results
    English


     

    A cyanide free chemoenzymatic cascade for nitrile synthesis.


    For download

    x

    Margit Winkler from the Institute of Molecular Biotechnology at TU Graz.


    For download

    x

    Help

    Search / advanced search of the idw archives
    Combination of search terms

    You can combine search terms with and, or and/or not, e.g. Philo not logy.

    Brackets

    You can use brackets to separate combinations from each other, e.g. (Philo not logy) or (Psycho and logy).

    Phrases

    Coherent groups of words will be located as complete phrases if you put them into quotation marks, e.g. “Federal Republic of Germany”.

    Selection criteria

    You can also use the advanced search without entering search terms. It will then follow the criteria you have selected (e.g. country or subject area).

    If you have not selected any criteria in a given category, the entire category will be searched (e.g. all subject areas or all countries).