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An unprecedented boom in hydropower dam construction is underway, primarily in developing countries and emerging economies. While this is expected to double the global electricity production from hydropower, it could reduce the number of our last remaining large free-flowing rivers by about 20% and pose a serious threat to freshwater biodiversity. A new database provides a critical basis to support sustainable modes of electricity production. It is presented today at the international congress Global Challenges: Achieving Sustainability hosted by the University of Copenhagen.
The intensified demand for electricity from renewable sources has kick-started the hydropower development into a new era: Following a period of a flattening trend, an unprecedented amount of dams for electricity production is worldwide currently under construction or planned. However, the boom occurs primarily in developing countries and emerging economies in South America, Southeast Asia and Africa, that also holds some of the world’s most important sites for freshwater biodiversity.
“Hydropower is an integrated part of transitioning to renewable energy and currently the largest contributor of renewable electricity. However, it is vital that hydropower dams do not create a new problem for the biodiversity in the world’s freshwater systems, due to fragmentation and the expected changes in the flow and sediment regime. That is why we have compiled available data on future expected hydropower dams – to form a key foundation for evaluating where and how to build the dams and how to operate them sustainably”, says Prof. Dr. Christiane Zarfl (now Universität Tübingen) who, together with colleagues from Berlin and Osnabrück, performed the study at the Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB) in Berlin. She is presenting the database today at the congress Global Challenges: Achieving Sustainability.
Hydropower may double in electricity capacity
Renewables account for 20% of the global electricity production today, with hydropower contributing 80% of the total share. An expected 3700 major dams may more than double the total electricity capacity of hydropower to 1,700 GW within the next two decades.
Given that all planned dams are realized, China will remain the global leader in hydropower dam construction although their share of total future global hydropower production will decline from currently 31% to 25%, because of increases in other parts of the world.
The Amazon and La Plata basins in Brazil will have the largest total number of new dams in South America, whereas the Ganges-Brahmaputra basin (mainly India and Nepal) and the Yangtze basin in China will face the highest dam construction in Asia.
“When building new dams, it is important to follow a systematic management approach that considers the ecological, social, and economic consequences of multiple dams within a river basin”, says Prof. Dr. Klement Tockner, head of IGB, who is leading the Institute´s research activities on sustainable hydropower development.
“We expect to launch the database in BioFresh, the platform for global freshwater biodiversity (www.freshwaterbiodiversity.eu) and hope to see our results as a valuable reference basis for scientists and decision makers in supporting sustainable hydropower development”, says Prof. Dr. Christiane Zarfl.
Source
The full study is published in the renowned international journal Aquatic Sciences: Research across Boundaries.
Reference: Zarfl C, Lumsdon AE, Berlekamp J, Tydecks L, Tockner K, (in press) A global boom in hydropower dam construction. Aquatic Sciences. DOI: 10.1007/s00027-014-0377-0
Contact
Prof. Dr. Christiane Zarfl
Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, IGB, Berlin &
Center for Applied Geoscience, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen
Email: christiane.zarfl@uni-tuebingen.de
Prof. Dr. Klement Tockner
Direktor des Leibniz-Instituts für Gewässerökologie und Binnenfischerei (IGB) und Wissenschaftler der Freien Universität Berlin
E-Mail: tockner@igb-berlin.de
Tel.: +49 (0)30 64181 601
Angelina Tittmann
Press Officer IGB
E-Mail: tittmann@igb-berlin.de
Tel.: + 49 (0)30 64181 631
About IGB
The Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, IGB, is an independent and interdisciplinary research centre dedicated to the creation, dissemination, and application of knowledge about freshwater ecosystems. Working in close partnership with the scientific community, government agencies, as well as the private sector, guarantees the development of innovative solutions to the most pressing challenges facing freshwater ecosystems and human societies.
http://www.igb-berlin.de
http://www.freshwaterbiodiversity.eu
Global distribution of future hydropower plants.
IGB
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The Three Gorges Dam in China.
(© IGB/Jörn Gessner)
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Construction / architecture, Energy, Environment / ecology
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