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Tooth samples from historical specimens in natural history collections show how strongly humans can influence the feeding behaviour of seals. The wear marks on the teeth reveal clear differences in food consumption between different regions and periods. The study was conducted by the Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB) in collaboration with the University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover and the University of Leipzig and was recently published in the journal Frontiers in Marine Science.
The study focused on historical harbour seal specimens from scientific collections. Using dental microwear texture analysis (DMTA), the researchers analysed the finest traces of wear on the tooth surfaces caused by eating. These traces allow conclusions to be drawn about how the animals used their food.
Seals from the German Wadden Sea in the late 1980s were compared with animals from the Danish Kattegat in the 1960s and 1970s. This revealed clear differences: the Kattegat seals showed stronger and more complex signs of wear on their teeth than their counterparts from the Wadden Sea. This suggests that both their diet and the way they fed differed from each other.
Living conditions shape eating habits
The researchers attribute these differences to the very different living conditions of the animals in the respective decades and regions. In the 1960s and 1970s, seals in the Kattegat were under intense hunting and exploitation pressure, and fish stocks were also changing due to intensive fishing. In the Wadden Sea, on the other hand, protective measures became increasingly effective from the 1980s onwards, stabilising populations and habitats. The seals apparently responded flexibly to these conditions and adapted their diet to the resources available.
Collections as archives of past ways of life
The study highlights the high scientific value of historical zoological collections. Not only do they show what animals looked like in the past, but when combined with modern analytical methods, they also provide important insights into how environmental conditions and human intervention affect marine ecosystems in the long term.
Prof. Dr. Thomas Kaiser
Head of Mammalogy & Palaeoanthropology Section
+49 40 238317 623
t.kaiser@leibniz-lib.de
Lehnert K, Bethune E, Schulz-Kornas E, Siebert U, Kaiser TM (2025). Intra-specific foraging dynamics reveal anthropogenic impact on harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) in the Danish Kattegat and the German Wadden Sea. Front. Mar. Sci. 12:1589549. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1589549
https://www.leibniz-lib.de LIB-Webseite
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