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idw - Informationsdienst
Wissenschaft
An international team led by the Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB) is providing one of the first proofs of the complex learning behaviour of fish in a recent study. The Atlantic sturgeon is considered extinct in Germany. The IGB is coordinating the reintroduction of these up to five meter large river giants and is investigating whether sturgeon training can increase their fitness for the wild. Already a two-week "learning lead" made the search for food more efficient. In addition, the increased formation of the transcription factor neurod1 - an important neuronal component of learning - could be demonstrated in the brain of the trained sturgeons.
Sturgeons are among the most endangered fish species in the world. In the past, two species of these migratory fish were native to the North Sea and Baltic tributaries of Germany: the European sturgeon (Acipenser sturio) lived in the North Sea and the catchment areas of the Elbe, the Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus) settled in the Baltic Sea and the catchment areas of the Oder. The IGB develops the scientific basis for the reintroduction of these two species in Germany. This also includes stocking measures with pre-reared young fish. "We have the highest mortality rate of reintroduced sturgeons in the first days in the wild. The faster the animals adapt to the new conditions, the higher the chance of survival. With our investigations we want to create the basis to optimally prepare the animals for the reintroduction," is how the IGB researcher and study leader, Sven Würtz, describes the background of the study.
Little known about the learning behaviour of fish so far:
Compared to mammals, the formation of nerve cells in the brain in fish is very dynamic and remains active throughout life. This enables fish to react very well to changes in their environment. So far, however, there are only few scientific findings on the underlying physiological processes of the learning behaviour in fish.
Like a vacuum cleaner, sturgeons pick up their prey from the bottom of the watercourse:
In the behavioural studies, sturgeons were divided into two groups and kept in large current channels; in nature, sturgeons feed on small organisms such as insect larvae and crustaceans, which they suck up from the fine sandy bottom of the water. The „training team“ had to look for food from a handful of sand in their rearing tank for two weeks in order to imitate food intake under natural conditions. The group without training was given the insect larvae on the bare floor of the current channel. After two weeks, both groups had to search for their prey in a current channel with completely covered sandy soil in which the food was buried.
The training shows effect:
The trained fish found the food twice as fast as their untrained conspecifics and there were also differences in the brain structure. Neurod1 is a transcription factor that is produced in greater numbers when new nerve cells are formed. It serves as an indicator for the neuronal component of learning. The gene expression of neurod1 was significantly higher in the trained animals than in the untrained ones. The complicated search for food thus caused the animals' brains to be more active and to process learning experiences. "The results are significant from a scientific point of view, as there is little evidence to date for the complex learning behaviour of fish. From the point of view of species protection, the results are also very important. Based on the results, we can further optimize the rearing conditions for our sturgeons," summarizes Jörn Gessner, co-author of the study and coordinator of the reintroduction program.
About the Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB):
Work at IGB combines basic research with preventive research as a basis for the sustainable management of freshwaters. In the process, IGB explores the structure and function of aquatic ecosystems under near-natural conditions and under the effect of multiple stressors. Its key research activities include the long-term development of lakes, rivers and wetlands under rapidly changing global, regional and local environmental conditions, the development of coupled ecological and socio-economic models, the renaturation of ecosystems, and the biodiversity of aquatic habitats. Work is conducted in close cooperation with universities and research institutions from the Berlin-Brandenburg region as well as worldwide. IGB is a member of the Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V., an association of eight research institutes of natural sciences, life sciences and environmental sciences in Berlin. The institutes are members of the Leibniz Association. www.igb-berlin.de/en
Dr. Sven Würtz
Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB)
Müggelseedamm 310
12587 Berlin
E-mail: wuertz@igb-berlin.de
Phone: +49 (0)30 64181 614
Dr. Jörn Gessner
Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB)
Müggelseedamm 310
12587 Berlin
E-mail: sturgeon@igb-berlin.de
Phone: +49 (0)30 64181 626
Maria Cámara-Ruiz; Carlos Espirito Santo; Joern Gessner; Sven Wuertz
How to improve foraging efficiency for restocking measures of juvenile Baltic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus)
Aquaculture. - 502(2019), S. 12-17
Fit for freedom, a little sturgeon is going to be released.
Marco Prosch
None
Criteria of this press release:
Journalists
Biology, Environment / ecology, Geosciences, Oceanology / climate, Zoology / agricultural and forest sciences
transregional, national
Research results, Scientific Publications
English
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