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Biodiversity loss is continuing relentlessly worldwide. In order to counteract this more effectively, monitoring programmes are needed which precisely map the circumstances of animal and plant species and the extent to which they are under threat. But too often, these are still inadequate – the range of species examined is not extensive enough, and there is too little coordination. A team of researchers led by the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) describes, in an article for the scientific journal One Earth how different stakeholders can combine their data and expertise to improve monitoring and thus counteract further species loss.
Ecological monitoring is the recording of biological diversity and its spatial and temporal changes. The lack of monitoring programmes which cover a broad range of species often means that, in many countries, no clear assessments can be made about the status of biodiversity. As a result, factors which may lead to declines cannot be identified and remedied.
The necessary information, and the various stakeholders such as public authorities, scientists, specialist organisations, nature conservation associations and certain professional groups from the private sector would definitely be available in many places. However, they cannot always work in a coordinated way, as they often operate within very different institutional frameworks. Valuable knowledge and data are therefore not pooled, and gaps in the collection of data not filled. “This is why we have to create a culture of integration involving all those who are active in biodiversity monitoring,” says the first author of the study, Dr Hjalmar Kühl, ecologist at iDiv and the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology (MPI EVA).
This can be achieved by bringing the various stakeholder groups together. “What’s needed is a framework within which decisions are not always made centrally, but in which the various groups network, trust each other and decide together what needs to be done,” says Kühl. “This self-organisation can increase the participants’ motivation and thus ensure greater acceptance on the part of the respective interest groups and anchor the topic of biodiversity more firmly in the public consciousness.”
To achieve this, workshops and symposia could bring relevant stakeholders together to collaborate in developing appropriate incentives and the necessary technical requirements for the exchange of data, results and analyses. “New approaches for the analysis of a wide range of monitoring data show how the information provided by a monitoring network can be interlinked with that from others,” says co-author Dr Diana Bowler, ecologist at the Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ) and iDiv. This allows the activities of various interest groups and individuals to be easily integrated.
The assistance and involvement of volunteers, participants in Citizen Science programmes and species experts from professional associations is indispensable in many cases. In Europe, between 80 and 90 percent of biodiversity data is collected by volunteers. For example, it was only through a study by the Krefeld Entomological Association which, in 2017, revealed the severe decline in flying insects that insect protection became a topic for the political agenda in Germany. Particularly, in the case of species groups such as beetles, hoverflies and cicadas, for whose identification the authorities rely on taxonomic expertise, volunteer participation is important for long-term surveys.
“There’s a long history of volunteer natural scientists who are fascinated by biological diversity and work for its preservation,” says last author Prof Aletta Bonn, research group leader at the UFZ, iDiv and the Friedrich Schiller University Jena. “This citizen science data can be integrated with other monitoring data to identify trends and information gaps. A cultural change regarding cooperation in science is required - towards integrated monitoring for sustainable biodiversity protection.”
This study was funded by, among others, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG; FZT 118, 202548816) as part of “sMon - Biodiversity Trends in Germany”, a synthesis project of the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, in cooperation with public authorities, specialist organisations and associations.
Dr Hjalmar Kühl
Head of the Research Group
'Sustainability and Complexity in Ape Habitat'
German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig
Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology (MPI-EVA)
Phone: +49 341 3550236
Email: kuehl@eva.mpg.de
Prof Dr Aletta Bonn
Head of Department Ecosystem Services
Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ)
German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig
Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena
Phone: +49 341 9733153
Kühl, H.S., Bowler, D.E., Bösch, L., Bruelheide, H., Dauber, J., Eichenberg, D., Eisenhauer, N., Fernandez, N., Guerra, C., Henle, K., Herbinger, I., Isaac, N.J.B., Jansen, F., Koenig-Ries, B., Kühn, I., Nilsen, E.B., Pe’er, G., Richter, A., Schulte, R., Settele, J., van Dam, N.M., Voigt, M., Wägele, J.W., Wirth, C., Bonn, A. (2020): Effective biodiversity monitoring needs a culture of integration, One Earth 3(4):462-474. DOI: 10.1016/j.oneear.2020.09.010
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590332220304796?via%3Dihub#f...
The participation of expert volunteers in Citizen Science projects (here at the Butterfly Monitoring ...
André Künzelmann/UFZ
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The participation of expert volunteers in Citizen Science projects (here at the Butterfly Monitoring ...
André Künzelmann/UFZ
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